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| Title: | Oiling the wheels of apartheid: exposing South Africa's secret oil trade |
| Author: | Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay |
| Year: | 1989 |
| Pages: | 115 |
| Language: | English |
| City of publisher: | Boulder, CO |
| Publisher: | Lynne Rienner |
| ISBN: | 155587164X |
| Geographic term: | South Africa |
| Subjects: | imports petroleum trade boycotts |
| Abstract: | The sabotage of oil plants which took place in South Africa in the first half of the 1980s, and the anti-Shell campaign which developed over more than a decade, but has been most efficiently mobilized since 1986, have been significant strategies in the struggle against apartheid. But the most basic component of the oil offensive is the effort to impose and sustain an oil embargo. The oil embargo, however, has not succeeded in restricting oil flow to South Africa, because those supposedly applying the embargo are not complying with it. Though South African countermeasures surely play some role, the general failure to implement oil sanctions effectively results from the fact that governments, oil companies and shipping lines in public condemn apartheid and even endorse the oil embargo, but in practice take the low road of pecuniary interest. This book describes the countermeasures South Africa has implemented since the first calls for an embargo were issued at least as early as 1960; how it succeeded in overcoming the oil crisis of 1979; how, throughout the 1980s, Arab crude oil found its way to South Africa with the help of Western oil and shipping companies; and how the country ultimately had to resort to fraud, the 'Salem' case being the most dramatic example. Still, the conclusion is that sanctions can contribute to the dismantling of apartheid, if backed by force. |