Agricultural change: compulsion in the implementation of agricultural policies: a case study from Iringa

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Periodical article

Title:	Agricultural change: compulsion in the implementation of agricultural policies: a case study from Iringa
Author:	Nindi, B.C.
Year:	1985
Periodical:	Mawazo
Volume:	6
Issue:	2
Pages:	67-76
Language:	English
Geographic term:	Tanzania
Subjects:	villagization farmers maize
Abstract:	The use of coercion to implement agricultural change, the resulting direction of change and the costs of administrative error are analysed in one specific area, Iringa District, historically Tanzania's breadbasket. The author discusses the evolution of farming systems, specifically maize production systems, in Ismani Division, Iringa District, from 1945 onwards, and the considerable development of social stratification. When the villagization programme was introduced, the policy was at first voluntary. There was strong opposition, however, to the establishment of ujamaa communities by both peasants and landowners, and in the 1970s the 'frontal approach' resulted in administrative coercion and compulsory villagization. The implementation of the villagization programme culminated in the arrest of many farmers hostile to the programme after the assassination of the Iringa Regional Commissioner in 1971. Ref.