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Periodical article | Leiden University catalogue | WorldCat |
Title: | The Carnegie Commission and the backlash against welfare State-building in South Africa, 1931-1937 |
Author: | Seekings, Jeremy |
Year: | 2008 |
Periodical: | Journal of Southern African Studies |
Volume: | 34 |
Issue: | 3 |
Pages: | 515-537 |
Language: | English |
Geographic term: | South Africa |
Subjects: | social welfare social policy commissions of inquiry 1930-1939 |
External link: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03057070802259688 |
Abstract: | By the late 1930s, South Africa had developed a welfare State that was remarkable in terms of both the range of risks against which it provided and its coverage of the poor - although only for poor white and coloured people. The Carnegie Commission of Inquiry, which started looking at the Poor White Problem in South Africa in 1929, is often credited with the major role in prompting this welfare State-building. This is, at most, only partly true. First, key aspects of the welfare State, most notably old-age pensions, predated the Commission. Second, as this article shows, the Commission's recommendations with regard to most areas of social policy were hostile to programmatic State-building and sought to return discretionary power to the church through indoor poor relief. Some members of the Commission might have employed 'modern' social science research methods, and some may have favoured the expansion of professional social work, but its reports generally gave expression to a backlash against the prior, nascent growth of South Africa's welfare State. In general, the Commission's recommendations entailed a reversal to the kind of 'scientific charity' that characterized the United States in the late 19th century, not the more professional social work of the United States in the 1920s and certainly not the social policies of the New Deal. The Commission gave rise to a period of struggle over the appropriate roles of church, State and professional social workers. Although the church-centric ambitions of most of the Carnegie commissioners were ultimately frustrated, their efforts contributed to the making of a somewhat bifurcated welfare State in which the expansion of welfare programmes was retarded. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract] |