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Periodical article Periodical article Leiden University catalogue Leiden University catalogue WorldCat catalogue WorldCat
Title:Who is the true bearer? The visible and hidden private cost of senior secondary education and equity in Ghana
Authors:Yamada, ShokoISNI
Ampiah, Joseph Ghartey
Year:2008
Periodical:Africa Today
Volume:55
Issue:3
Pages:63-82
Language:English
Geographic term:Ghana
Subjects:schooling
secondary education
costs
education fees
External link:http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/africa_today/v055/55.3.yamada.pdf
Abstract:In Ghana, the senior secondary education system is funded minimally by the government and depends heavily on cost-sharing by households. Schools charge various kinds of fees, which add up to six to ten times the amount the government has officially approved for the schools to collect from parents or guardians. Moreover, there are costs that are not visible from the surface, but borne by households. Invisible private costs may be directly related to education, such as the cost of supplementary books, textbooks and extra classes, or to student life, such as food, transportation and accommodation. They are a few times larger than visible ones, although they are neglected too often. The authors compared private costs among urban boarding schools (Category A), schools in small towns (Cateory B), and community schools (Category C). The community school has been considered a cheaper form of secondary education and has attracted students from less-stable financial backgrounds; however, the study reveals that community-school students pay as much as those in urban schools, regardless of the quality of education they receive. Moreover, these students do not enjoy a government subsidy for accommodation and food, as is the case for boarding students in Category A and B schools. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]
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