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Title: | Periodisation, cultural construction and representation of ANC masculinities through dress, gesture and Indian nationalist influence |
Author: | Suttner, Raymond![]() |
Year: | 2009 |
Periodical: | Historia: amptelike orgaan |
Volume: | 54 |
Issue: | 1 |
Pages: | 51-91 |
Language: | English |
Geographic term: | South Africa |
Subjects: | political action clothing African National Congress (South Africa) passive resistance political history |
Abstract: | This article looks at the development of the ANC nationalist struggle and accompanying gender issues, especially concepts of manhood, through cultural factors, in particular dress. Paying attention to, i.a. Nelson Mandela, Albert Luthuli and Mahatma Gandhi's 'satyagraha', it argues that what is worn by people constitutes a historical archive distinct from the written and spoken word that can enrich the interpretation of historical periods and often adds complexity to the way these are read. In particular, the adoption of suits by early ANC delegations is argued to signify more than conforming to imperialist dictates and 'begging': it means wearing the attire of the 'ruling class'. The article considers the development of specific gestures, the use of the clenched fist in various ways, the development of the toyi-toyi as signifying different periods and meanings of the struggle, often having gender implications. Much that is advanced is not presented as an authoritative reinterpretation, but is intended to indicate the multiplicity of meanings that may be read into the same events or lives of people. Notes, ref., sum. in English and Afrikaans. [Journal abstract, edited] |