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Periodical article | Leiden University catalogue | WorldCat |
Title: | Militancy in the Niger Delta and the emergent categories |
Author: | Ebienfa, Kimiebi Imomotimi |
Year: | 2011 |
Periodical: | Review of African Political Economy (ISSN 0305-6244) |
Volume: | 38 |
Issue: | 130 |
Pages: | 637-643 |
Language: | English |
Geographic term: | Nigeria |
Subjects: | violence protest Niger Delta conflict |
External link: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03056244.2011.633828 |
Abstract: | This paper argues that the origins of militancy in Nigeria's Niger Delta can be divided into remote and immediate causes. The remote causes include i.a. oil-induced environmental degradation, marginalization, State repression and underdevelopment in the region, the existence of obnoxious laws, and the killing of Ken Saro Wiwa. The immediate causes of militancy include the militarization of the Niger Delta by the Nigerian State, the 'Youths Earnestly Ask for Abacha' programme, the Kaiama Declaration of 1998, bunkering by Niger Delta youths and the mobilization of youths as political thugs during the 1999 election. Every form of 'outsider' came streaming through the gates, viz. cult leaders, political thugs, criminals and self-centred individuals hiding under the cloak of resource agitators. The paper presents four typologies of militant groups in the Delta: peaceful resource-agitator militancy; political-thug militancy; cult-group militancy; and community/ethnic-warlord militancy. Bibliogr., notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract] |