Violent Resistance: Militia Formation and Civil War in Mozambique

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Book

Title:	Violent Resistance: Militia Formation and Civil War in Mozambique
Author:	Jentzsch, Corinna
Year:	2022
Pages:	224
Language:	English
City of publisher:	Cambridge, Great Britain
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISBN:	9781108936026
Geographic terms:	Mozambique Africa
Subjects:	civil wars violence political violence resistance militias
External link:	https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108936026
Abstract:	Why do communities form militias to defend themselves against violence during civil war? Using original interviews with former combatants and civilians and archival material from extensive fieldwork in Mozambique, Corinna Jentzsch (Leiden University Institute of Political Science) explains the timing, location and process through which communities form militias. Jentzsch shows that local military stalemates characterised by ongoing violence allow civilians to form militias that fight alongside the government against rebels. Militias spread only to communities in which elites are relatively unified, preventing elites from coopting militias for private gains. Crucially, militias that build on preexisting social conventions are able to resonate with the people and empower them to regain agency over their lives. Jentzsch's 'Violent Resistance' brings conceptual clarity to the militia phenomenon and helps us understand how wartime civilian agency, violent resistance, and the rise of third actors beyond governments and rebels affect the dynamics of civil war, on the African continent and beyond.